During evolution silica deposition has been used in Protozoa, Metazoa and in plants as skeletal elements. It appears that the mechanisms for the formation of bi

This open access book is the proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Biomineralization (BIOMIN XIV) held in 2017 at Tsukuba. Over the past 45 years,

Biomineralization is the process that produces the skeletons, shells, and teeth of most animals. It is also involved in magnetic orientation, gravity detection,

Volume 54 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry focuses upon the various processes by which organisms direct the formation of minerals. Our framework of exa

The publication of this book was undertaken with two purposes in view: to bring together informatian on the deposition by living organ isms of unique skeletal s