Long before Muhammed preached the religion of Islam, the inhabitants of his native Arabia had played an important role in world history as both merchants and wa

Arabs and Empires before Islam collates nearly 250 translated extracts from an extensive array of ancient sources which, from a variety of different perspective

In these studies Michael Macdonald examines the extraordinary flowering of literacy in both the settled and nomadic populations of western Arabia in the 1500 ye

A panoramic account of the history of Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Near East from the fall of Rome to the rise of Islam.

1. Introduction -- 2. Rites -- 3. Divinities and Their Roles in the Lives of Humans -- 4. Fate -- 5. Afterlife -- 6. Visual Representation of Deities and the Di