During the Civil War and Reconstruction, the pejorative term "scalawag" referred to white southerners loyal to the Republican Party. With the onset of the feder

In The Scalawags, James Alex Baggett ambitiously uncovers the genesis of scalawag leaders throughout the former Confederacy. Using a collective biography approa

After the Civil War, Congress required ten former Confederate states to rewrite their constitutions before they could be readmitted to the Union. An electorate

Traces how the Republican Party in the South after Reconstruction transformed from a biracial organization to a mostly all-white one.

Examines the social, political, and economic forces that interacted to produce the most notable of the South's Reconstruction riots.