A broad-ranging review of organisms which have long-fascinated biologists, ecologists and chemists.

Considers the evolution and adaptions of arctic and antarctic floras and the role of these plants in the vegetation and in the functioning of tundra ecosystems.

Lichens are a unique form of plant life, the product of a symbiotic association between an alga and a fungus. The beauty and importance of lichens have long bee

This revised and extended edition provides in-depth insights into the benefits and untapped potential of lichen-derived bioactive compounds. The whole spectrum

It is currently impossible to grow lichens under controlled conditions in the laboratory in sufficient quantity for physiological experiments. Lichen growth is