A history of the Ottoman incorporation of Arab lands that shows how gentlemanly salons shaped culture, society, and governance Historians have typically linked

The World of the Salons is a revisionist study of the French salon of the eighteenth century, arguing that it was a place governed by social hierarchy, not equa

Challenging many of the conclusions of recent historiography, including the depiction of salonnières as influential power brokers, French Salons offers an orig

The author examines in detail the Tanzimat reforms, focusing on the crucial phase between the reform edict of 1856 and the constitution of 1876. Originally publ

How the Ottomans refashioned and legitimated their rule through mystical imageries of authority The medieval theory of the caliphate, epitomized by the Abbasids