Data assimilation is the combination of information from observations and models of a particular physical system in order to get the best possible estimate of t

In the Earth sciences, a transition is currently occurring in multiple fields towards an integrated Earth system approach, with applications including numerical

In the Earth sciences, a transition is currently occurring in multiple fields towards an integrated Earth system approach, with applications including numerical

This volume explores and evaluates the development, multiple applications, and usefulness of four-dimensional (space and time) model assimilations of data in th

Data assimilation methods were largely developed for operational weather forecasting, but in recent years have been applied to an increasing range of earth scie