Hypoxia occurs when dissolved oxygen falls below the level necessary to sustain most animal life, often due to fertilizer run-off. This volume reviews how the e

Coastal eutrophication has been and still remains an important issue for the scientific community. Despite many efforts to mitigate coastal eutrophication, the

This book provides a snapshot of representative modeling analyses of coastal hypoxia and its effects. Hypoxia refers to conditions in the water column where dis

During the recent decades, social, political and academic endeavours have been made to improve environmental quality and reduce pollution. In particular, the oc

Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutr