This book explains the theoretical structure of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and focuses on the application of PSO to portfolio optimization problems. The

From nature, we observe swarming behavior in the form of ant colonies, bird flocking, animal herding, honey bees, swarming of bacteria, and many more. It is onl

This volume, in conjunction with the two volumes CICS 0002 and LNCS 4681, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intellig

Computational Intelligence (CI) has emerged as a rapidly growing field over the past decade. This volume reports the exploration of CI frontiers with an emphasi